Ann Can Code, So Can You.: selenium

XPath Selectors.

driver.findElement(By.xpath(“ // ...”));
element.findElement(By.xpath(“ // ...”));
element.findElement(By.xpath(“. // ...”));

By Index

//td[text()='Books']
(//li)[1]
(//li)[last()]
(//li)[1]/..
(//li)[last()]/..
//nodename[3] - 3rd child of its parent node
(//nodename)[3] - 3rd nodename element

Xpath Axes

AxisName::nodetest[predicate]
ex. //td[text()='Books']/ancestor::table
AxisName

ancestor
ancestor-or-self
descendant
descendant-or-self
following
following-sibling
preceding
preceding-sibling
parent
child
self

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[text()='Books']/ancestor::table"));

// driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//...”)); 
// element.findElement(By.xpath(“//...”)); 
// element.findElement(By.xpath(“.//...”));

// Notice the difference
//
// <div id="id0">
//        <p>Hello</p>
// </div>
// <div id="id1">
//        <p>World</p>
// </div>

// current node is "driver"
driver.findElement(By.id("id1"))
        .findElement(By.xpath("//p")).getText()  //=> Hello  
driver.findElement(By.id(“id1”))
        .findElement(By.xpath(".//p")).getText() //=> World

Selenium 101.

Basics

driver.findElements(...).findElement(...)

By ID

Java: driver.findElement(By.id(...))
Python: driver.find_element_by_id(...)

WebElement id1 = driver.findElement(By.id("id1"));

// Can combine with Xpath searching
id1.findElement(By.xpath("/p"));

By Name

Java: driver.findElement(By.name(...))
Python: driver.find_element_by_name(...)

@Test
public void findElementByName() {
        WebElement input =
           driver.findElement(By.name("keyword"));
        assertEquals("Type in your keyword",
           input.getAttribute("value"));
}

By ClassName

Java: driver.findElement(By.className(...))
Python: driver.find_element_by_class_name(...)

@Test
public void findElementByClassName() {
        WebElement label =
           driver.findElement(By.className("label"));
        assertEquals("Search", label.getText());
}

By TagName

Java: driver.findElement(By.tagName(...))
Python: driver.find_element_by_tag_name(...)

@Test
public void findLisInsideUl() {
        WebElement ul =
           driver.findElement(By.id("list2"));
        List lis =
           ul.findElements(By.tagName("li"));
        assertEquals(3, lis.size());
        List lis2 =
           driver.findElements(By.tagName("li"));
        assertEquals(8, lis2.size());
}

By Links

Java: driver.findElement(By.linkText(...))
Python: driver.find_element_by_link_text(...)
Java: driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(...))
Python: driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(...)

@Test
public void testFindLinkByText() {
        WebElement link =
           driver.findElement(By.linkText("Facebook"));
        String url = link.getAttribute("href");
        assertEquals("https://www.facebook.com/", url);
}

@Test
public void testFindLinkByPartialText() {
        WebElement link =
           driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Digg"));
        String url = link.getAttribute("href");
        assertEquals("http://www.digg.com/", url);
}

By XPATH

Java: driver.findElement(By.xpath("nodename..."))
Python: driver.find_element_by_xpath("nodename...")
nodename:

/ - root element
// - current element/node
. - current node
.. - parent of current node
@ - an attribute
[ ] - predicate

By.xpath(“//form[@name=‘site-search']// input[@type='submit']")
By.xpath(“//form[@name=‘site-search']/ input[@type='submit']")

/****************************
* useful xpath expressions
*****************************/
//input[@id], //img[@alt], //img[not(@alt)]
//input[@id=‘username’]
//input[@type=‘submit’ and @value=‘login’]
//input[@type=‘submit’][@value=‘login’]
//input[@type=‘submit’ or @value=‘login’]
//input[starts-with(@name, ‘username’)]
//input[contains(@id, ‘name’)]
//input[ends-with(@id, ‘name’)]

WebElement p2 = id1.findElement(By.xpath("./p"));
assertEquals("World", p2.getText());
WebElement p3 = id1.findElement(By.xpath("//p"));
assertEquals("Hello", p3.getText());
WebElement p4 = id1.findElement(By.xpath(".//p"));
assertEquals("World", p4.getText());

@Test
public void findUl() {
        WebElement list =
           driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul"));
        assertEquals("list1", list.getAttribute("id"));
}

@Test
public void findLis() {
        List lis =
           driver.findElements(By.xpath("//li"));
        assertEquals(8, lis.size());
        List lis2 =
           driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul/li"));
        assertEquals(7, lis2.size());
        List lis3 =
           driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul//li"));
        assertEquals(8, lis3.size());
}

@Test
public void findLinksWithTargetAttribute() {
        List links =
           driver.findElements(By.xpath("//*[@target]"));
        assertEquals(2, links.size());

        String[] expectedUrls =
           new String[] {
                               "https://www.google.com/",
                               "http://www.msn.com/"
           };
        List actualUrls = new ArrayList();

        for (WebElement link : links) {
           actualUrls.add(link.getAttribute("href"));
        }

        assertArrayEquals(expectedUrls,
           actualUrls.toArray());
}

@Test
public void findLinkThatOpenNewTab() {
        WebElement link =
           driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@target='_blank']"));
        assertEquals("MSN Link", link.getText());
}

@Test
public void findAllSecureLinks() {
        List links =
           driver.findElements(
              By.xpath("//ul[@id='list2']//a[starts-with(@href, 'https')]")
                );
        System.out.println("Secure links:");
        for (WebElement link : links) {
           System.out.println(link.getAttribute("href"));
        }
}

@Test
public void findAllPDFLinks() {
        List links =
           driver.findElements(
              By.xpath("//ul[@id='list2']//a[ends-with(@href, 'pdf')]")
                );
        System.out.println("PDF links:");
        for (WebElement link : links) {
           System.out.println(link.getAttribute("href"));
        }
}

CSS

Java: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(...))
Python: driver.find_element_by_css_selector(...)
Tag selector : By.cssSelector("input")
Class selector : By.cssSelector(".login")
ID selector : By.cssSelector("#title")
Attribute selector (can be full or partial match)

a[href^="https"] - starts with
a[href$=".pdf"] - ends with
a[href*="google"] - contains

Example

Find child elements from parent elements

By.cssSelector("tbody > tr:nth-child(3)”)
form > label:last-child vs. label:last-of-type

Find sibling elements

form > input[name^='username'] + * + label

Find elements based on various states

:enabled, :disabled, :checked, :focus, :hover, :active
By.cssSelector(“input[type='checkbox']:not(:checked)")

CSS selectors

WebElement ele1 = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".primary-btn"));
WebElement ele2 = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("btn.primary-btn"));
WebElement ele3 = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("btn.primary-btn"));

WebElement Email = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[id=email]"));
Email.SendKeys("hello@sampleemail.com");

More examples

Interactive Elements

clear() - for Textbox
click() - for Buttons
sendKeys() or send_keys() - for Textbox
submit() - for Forms
Java Keys
Java WebElements
Python Read the Docs Index
Python Read the Docs WebDriver
Python Keys

Selenium Jump Start.

Step 1. Download Tools

Step 2. Start a Java Project From Eclipse

Right click the project and go to the bottom to open "properties.
Choose Libraries and add external JARs
Copy your executable chromedriver to Java Project folder

In the following example, we put it under "./drivers"
In MAC, you need to manually "chmod +x" or "chmod 755"
In PC, the file name has ".exe" suffix

Go to the "src" folder, right click to add new class
Insert the following codes
When you run, run as JUnit Test.

package com.yourdomain.topfolder.subfolder;
import java.util.List;
import ...

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class myDemo {

        private WebDriver driver;

        @Before
        public void setUp() {
                System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
                                "./drivers/chromedriver.exe");

                driver = new ChromeDriver(); // launch the browser
                driver.get("http://www.ebay.com");
        }

        @After
        public void tearDown() {
                driver.quit(); // close the browser
        }

        @Test
        public void testById() {
           ...
        }
}

Step 3. Use Inspect to find elements for testing

WebElement elem = driver.findElement(By.id("title"));
assertEquals("Hello World", elem.getText());

List elems = driver.findElements(By.tagName("h1"));
assertEquals("Hello World", elems.get(0).getText());

// Pay attention to which page you are
// In home page
WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("twotabsearchtextbox"));
input.clear();
input.sendKeys("selenium webdriver books");
WebElement searchIcon = driver.findElement(By.className("nav-input"));
searchIcon.click();

WebElement searchButton = 
        driver.findElement(By.xpath(
            “/html/body/div[2]/header/div/div[1]/div[3]/
              div/form/div[2]/div/ input”));
searchButtom.click();
System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.id("s-result-count")).getText());

// Now I am in the result page!
WebElement status = driver.findElement(By.id("s-result-count"));
System.out.println(status.getText());
assertEquals( 
        "1-16 of 65 results for \"selenium webdriver books\"",
        status.getText()
);

DOM 101 : how to find elements

Ann Can Code, So Can You.

Pages

Monday, October 17, 2016

XPath Selectors.

Selenium 101.

Selenium Jump Start.

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